相干变化指数法在震害快速评估中的应用     

贾明娟  万祥星 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(3)

合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有全天候全天时的特点,为快速展开地震救援,评估震害损失提供了重要的数据支持。本文基于汶川震中东南平原地区的ENVISATASAR影像,利用相位干涉方法处理得到相干变化指数图像,对6个评估区域的像元相干变化指数进行统计分析,以相干变化指数平均值作为区分建筑物基本完好与损毁的阈值,并与实地调查结果相比,精度基本达到70%。验证干涉相干变化指数法对震害快速评估有效的同时,也为震区提供震害救援的依据。  相似文献   

一种采用基础矩阵描述的核线影像生成方法     

崔瑞兵  靳国旺  张红敏  熊新  王罗刚 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(3):295-300

设计了一种采用基础矩阵的立体像对核线影像制作方法,由基础矩阵来描述影像间的相对方位关系,避免了相对定向过程中复杂的迭代过程。通过稀疏匹配获取高精度的同名点,由基础矩阵确定每组同名点对应的同名核线,根据核线必相交于核点的原理,采用最小二乘法确定左右影像的核点坐标;然后根据核点坐标完成影像间核线的快速映射,沿核线方向采用双线性内插法进行核线重采样,完成核线影像制作。采用多组影像进行核线影像制作实验,对生成的核线影像进行同名特征点提取与匹配,结果表明采用该方法制作的核线影像上下视差较小,验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

2000～2015年会理县地表覆盖变化监测     

陈传华  陈阳  张云  李胜  李俊斌 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(11):110-114

以LandSat多时相影像为数据源,采用基于规则的面向对象分类方法,监测会理县2000～ 2015年地表覆盖变化.结合1∶50 000 DEM数据,分析了会理县地表覆盖构成与转移、变化动态度及潜在退耕地情况.监测分析结论能为会理县加强空间管制、促进土地资源集约利用、指导生态文明建设等提供决策信息支撑.  相似文献   

求解GM(1,1)模型新总体最小二乘算法     

陶武勇  鲁铁定  吴飞 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(5):476-479

在GM(1,1)模型中系数矩阵和观测向量都是由原始序列组成的。系数矩阵中同样是有误差的,与观测向量中的误差一样,亦来源于原始序列,即它们误差同源。不同位置的相同元素应该有相同的改正数,采用传统总体最小二乘求解则不能达到此目的。针对这一缺陷,推导了一种新的总体最小二乘算法;并且通过算例验证了新方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

干涉图像第二类统计Goldstein自适应滤波方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵文胜  蒋弥  何秀凤 《测绘学报》2016,45(10):1200-1209

干涉图滤波是InSAR数据处理中的关键步骤之一,滤波结果的优劣会直接影响到相位观测的质量和最终产品精度。本文结合干涉图滤波算法的研究进展,对Goldstein频率域滤波及其经典改进算法进行了系统分析和比较,在此基础上提出了一种基于第二类统计的稳健相干性估计量的Goldstein自适应滤波方法。本文采用模拟数据和Envisat ASAR真实数据与现有方法进行了验证,试验结果表明,新的滤波方法在保持细节和抑制噪声方面优势更加明显。  相似文献   

地表形变监测的改进相干目标法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王明洲  李陶  江利明  徐侃  吴文豪 《测绘学报》2016,45(1):36-43

如何从雷达干涉时间序列影像中获取更全面的相干目标集合,进行变形时间序列分析是当前研究的难点和热点。本文提出了改进的相干目标法,可获取更为全面且可信度高的相干目标集合,进而提高地表形变监测的时空分辨率和精度。根据雷达影像中同类型地物散射分布相近的特点,采用非参数同分布检验算法提取后向散射特性相近的同质点开展空间非局部滤波,提高干涉图的质量。与此同时,利用多尺度的极大似然条纹频率估计算法分离差分干涉图中的系统性相位,并基于同质点进行自适应相干性估计,获取相干性的平稳估计量,从而获取更多的相干点目标。利用20景TerraSAR-X条带模式时间序列影像,分别利用传统的及改进后的相干目标法对香港填海区域地表形变信息进行时序分析。对试验数据的分析结果表明,本文提出的改进方法在具有稀疏植被的填海区可有效增加相干目标点的提取,得到更为可信的沉降结果。  相似文献   

岬湾海滩剖面中长期变化特征及其控制因素——以青岛石老人海滩为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

冯哲  王永红  易李达玲 《海洋科学》2016,40(7):100-109

了解海滩剖面变化可以更好地理解海滩动态过程。利用2007年5月~2014年12月近8 a青岛石老人海滩剖面的实测资料,计算剖面各段单宽体积变化量及后滨宽度,结合交叉小波和小波相干分析方法,探讨海滩剖面中长期淤蚀变化特征及其控制因素。结果表明,近8 a来海滩剖面表现为侵蚀状态,不同岸段侵蚀程度不同。剖面1岸段侵蚀明显,剖面2和剖面3岸段轻微侵蚀。剖面的变化过程可划分为平稳期、剧变期和微调期3个时期。各时期剖面的季节性变化较复杂,平稳期具冬蚀夏淤的交替变化特征,整体淤蚀量较小;剧变期剖面呈阶段性蚀退,变化幅度相对较大,微调期剖面可能仍处于剧变期的恢复阶段,季节性变化不明显。剧变期和微调期的小波交叉谱和相干谱分析显示,波浪和前滨单宽体积相干性较好,尤其当大于2 m的波高达到10%以上,海滩地形可以和波高变化产生同周期的变化。因此波高变化基本控制了剖面的季节变化。而海滩长周期变化主要受控于风暴潮作用及其漫长的恢复期,沿岸输沙和海平面变化则一定程度上导致了剖面长期侵蚀格局的形成。  相似文献   

A new assessment model for evacuation vulnerability in urban areas     

Xiaoyi Ma  Ci Song  Chenghu Zhou 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2401-2420

In the high-speed urbanization process of China, the urban population has been increasing significantly, leading to a high-density aggregation of population. However, the sharp increase in population density has not produced commensurate improvements in the road networks. On the contrary, the population increase induced a serious evacuation vulnerability, which cities experience during various hazards and catastrophic events. Therefore, research on evacuation vulnerability is important to urban planning. To assess the evacuation vulnerability, the optimal and worst scenarios should be considered because all possible evacuation plans occur between these extremes. However, most previous evacuation vulnerability studies are based on the worst-case scenario, only providing an upper bound of a potential evacuation assessment. To provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for decision-makers to understand the consequences caused by all possible evacuations, this paper proposes an optimal evacuation vulnerability assessment model that provides the lower bound on potential evacuation difficulties. The model is solved by a stepwise spreading algorithm based on Graph Theory. Subsequently, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, the study adopts the model to assess the evacuation capability of different road network topologies. A comparison with previous research was performed. The model was demonstrated in an application to the South Luogu Alley of Beijing, China. The significance of this paper is that the combination of our model with previous research may provide a more complete theoretical basis for an evacuation vulnerability assessment.  相似文献   

Ablation Characteristic of Ilmenite using UV Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers: Implications for Non‐Matrix‐Matched Quantification          下载免费PDF全文

Zhen Li  Zhaochu Hu  Detlef Günther  Keqing Zong  Yongsheng Liu  Tao Luo  Wen Zhang  Shan Gao  Shenghong Hu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):477-491

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) is a common accessory mineral and has been used as a powerful petrogenetic indicator in many geological settings. Elemental fractionation and matrix effects in ilmenite (CRN63E‐K) and silicate glass (NIST SRM 610) were investigated using 193 nm ArF excimer nanosecond (ns) laser and 257 nm femtosecond (fs) laser ablation systems coupled to an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. The concentration‐normalised ⁵⁷Fe and ⁴⁹Ti responses in ilmenite were higher than those in NIST SRM 610 by a factor of 1.8 using fs‐LA. Compared with the 193 nm excimer laser, smaller elemental fractionation was observed using the 257 nm fs laser. When using 193 nm excimer laser ablation, the selected range of the laser energy density had a significant effect on the elemental fractionation in ilmenite. Scanning electron microscopy images of ablation craters and the morphologies of the deposited aerosol materials showed more melting effects and an enlarged particle deposition area around the ablation site of the ns‐LA‐generated crater when compared with those using fs‐LA. The ejected material around the ns crater predominantly consisted of large droplets of resolidified molten material; however, the ejected material around the fs crater consisted of agglomerates of fine particles with ‘rough' shapes. These observations are a result of the different ablation mechanisms for ns‐ and fs‐LAs. Non‐matrix‐matched calibration was applied for the analysis of ilmenite samples using NIST SRM 610 as a reference material for both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS. Similar analytical results for most elements in ilmenite samples were obtained using both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS at a high laser energy density of 12.7 J cm^?2 and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS.  相似文献   

A New Reference Material for Tritium Organic Molecules in Sediment: Results of an International Intercomparison Exercise          下载免费PDF全文

Phillip E. Warwick  Ian W. Croudace  Richard M. Marsh  Nicolas Baglan  Sang Bog Kim 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(2):253-262

Solid matrix ³H reference materials are challenging to prepare given the volatile nature of ³H and are often unrepresentative of the range of ³H forms that may be encountered during routine analysis. As a result, few ³H reference materials are currently available, undermining verification of analytical techniques for environmental ³H measurement. To address this, an International Working Group on Organically‐Bound Tritium Analysis determined to produce a tritium natural matrix reference material (NMRM). The reference material comprises marine sediment blended with sewage sludge contaminated with ³H‐organic species arising from authorised discharges from a radiopharmaceutical manufacturing site. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ³H species have persisted in the environment over three decades providing valuable supporting data to underpin the characterisation of the NMRM. The preparation and characterisation of the NMRM are described along with the subsequent application of the reference material in an international intercomparison exercise involving nineteen laboratories from nine countries. A reference value of 168 ± 22 Bq kg^?1 was derived from the data arising from the proficiency test.  相似文献